Formation of Adjectives

Adjectives

By D.M.Tharindu Bandara Dissanayake.

                   (Reg No: ANU/EN/2018/P/0013)

Contents

1.Adjective

2.Kinds of Adjectives

3.Formation of Adjectives
4.Comparison of Adjectives
5.Formation of Comparative and Superlative
6.Interchange of the Degrees of Comparison
7.Position of Adjectives
8.The correct use of Adjectives

1.Adjectives

A word used with a noun to describe or point out.

I.   Person
II. Animal
III.Things or to tell the number, quantity or quality, is called an Adjective.

Example:

She is wearing a shiny blue track suit.

Adjectives                              Noun

It’s a bright sunny day.

Adjectives

What is the adjective used in the sentence?

  

Adjective also ask the questions:

1. WHAT KIND?
Charuni is a clever girl.
2.WHICH ONE?
I like that boy.
3.HOW MUCH?
He has little intelligence.

4.HOW MANY?
She gave me five mangoes.

Today is a warm day with hundreds of birds chirping in the clear blue sky.

 

What kind?         How many?    What kind?

ADJECTIVES ARE USED IN TWO WAYS:                               

1. Attributively
Example:
The lazy boy was punished.
Note

The adjective is used with the noun as an epithet or attribute.

2. Predicatively
Example:
The boy is lazy.

Note
The adjective is used with the verb, and forms part of the predicate.

KINDS OF ADJECTIVES
1. Adjectives of Quality (Descriptive Adjectives)
2. Adjectives of Quantity
3. Adjectives of Number
4. Demonstrative Adjectives
5. Interrogative Adjectives
6. Emphasizing Adjectives
7. Exclamatory Adjectives

1.Adjectives of Quality (Descriptive Adjectives)

It shows the kind or quality of noun.

Example
ØHe is an honest man.
ØThis is a grammar of English* language.
* Adjectives formed from proper nouns e.g.,(Turkish
tobacco, French wines, Indian tea.) are sometimes
called Proper Adjectives.

2.Adjectives of Quantity
It shows how much of a thing is meant.

Examples

He showed much patience.
You have no sense.
He has lost all his wealth.
Adjectives of quantity answer the question : How
much?

3.Adjectives of numbers

Numeral Adjectives show how many persons or things are meant.

Examples
The hand has five fingers.
Most boys like cricket.
Numeral adjectives are of three kinds;
a) Definite Numeral adjectives - Denote exact number
b) Indefinite Numeral adjectives - Don’t denote exact number (all, any)
c) Distributive Numeral adjectives - Refer to each one of a number.
Example:
1.Every word of it is true.
2.Pakistan expects every man to do his duty.

4. Demonstrative Adjectives

Points out which person or thing is meant.

Example

These mangoes are sour.
I hate such things.
Don’t be in such a hurry.
Demonstrative adjectives answer the  question: which? question: which?

5. Interrogative Adjectives

What, which, and whose, when they are used with nouns to ask questions, are called interrogative adjectives.

What manner of man is he?
Which way shall we go?
Whose book is this?

6. Emphasizing Adjectives
In the following sentences own and very is used as emphasizing adjectives:

Examples
I saw it with my own eyes.
Mind your own business.
That is the very thing we want.

7. Exclamatory Adjectives

The word what is sometimes used as an Exclamatory Adjectives.

Examples:
What an idea!
What a blessing!
What genius!

üONE SHOULD NOT USE TOO MANY
ADJECTIVES IN THE SENTENCES:

The fierce ugly old brown
tiger. X

TO MAKE A PERFECT SENTENCE ONE
SHOULD FOLLOW THE FOLLOWING ORDER:
I. SIZE
II.TYPE
III.TEXTURE
IV.COLOR

The yellow big beach shiny ball. x
üThe big shiny yellow beach ball.

FORMATION OF ADJECTIVES

Many adjectives are formed from noun.
cont.…
Noun                             Adjectives
Boy                               Boyish
Fool                               Foolish
Dirt                               Dirty

Some adjectives are formed from verbs.

verb                               Adjectives
Talk                               Talkative
Move                            Moveable
Tire                               Tireless

Some adjectives are formed from adjectives.

Adjective                      Adjective
Tragic                            Tragical
Black                              Blackish
Sick                                Sickly
Three                              Threefold
White                             Whitish

Degrees of COMPARISON

There are three degrees of comparison.
1. Positive Degree:
The positive degree of some adjective is the adjective in its simple form. It
denotes the mere existence of some quality.
Ex. Ayesha’s mango is sweet.
2. Comparative Degree:
It denotes higher a degree of the quality than the positive, and is used when two things are compared.
Ex. Iqra’s mango is sweeter than Ayesha’s.

3. Superlative Degree
It denotes the highest degree of quality, and is used when more
than two things are compared.
Ex. Fozia’s mango is sweetest of all.
Note
The superlative with most is sometimes used where is no
comparison, but merely to indicate the possession of a quality in
a very high degree; as
This is most unfortunate.
This usage is called the Superlative of Eminence, or the
Absolute Superlative.

Resources  Web : https://laps.in/ADJECTIVE.pdf